Ventilation and cooling systems are essential in poultry housing to maintain optimal air quality, temperature, and humidity levels, all of which are critical for the health, growth, and productivity of poultry. These systems work by exchanging stale indoor air with fresh outdoor air, removing excess heat, moisture, ammonia, and carbon dioxide that can accumulate in confined spaces. Ventilation systems typically include fans, vents, and ductwork, which are strategically positioned to ensure uniform air distribution throughout the poultry house, preventing stagnant air pockets. Cooling systems, which may include evaporative coolers, misting systems, or tunnel ventilation, are activated during periods of high temperature to lower the ambient air temperature, preventing heat stress in poultry which can lead to reduced feed intake, growth rates, and egg production. The design of ventilation and cooling systems is tailored to the size of the poultry operation, the type of poultry (broilers or layers), and the local climate, ensuring efficient operation and energy savings. Modern systems often integrate with environmental control systems, using sensors to monitor conditions and automatically adjust fan speed, cooling output, or air exchange rates based on pre-set parameters. Properly functioning ventilation and cooling systems not only improve poultry welfare but also contribute to better feed conversion ratios and overall farm profitability by creating an optimal growing environment.